Cover of higher education & research in France, facts and figures

📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH.

 Coverage:Whole of France - public sector.

The appointment of new teacher-researchers takes place in two stages: qualification, to establish the quality of their scientific expertise and ability to carry out the functions of teacher-researcher, and recruitment, which entitles the successful applicant to perform these functions in a higher education institution. The results of the qualification and recruitment stages are analysed from data produced by the ANTARES, ANTEE and FIDIS applications.

More information, see studies on teaching staff in higher education on ministerial website

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06 qualification and recruitment of teachers-researchers

In 2015, 10,56 qualifications were issued for 8,243 individuals. 2,037 teachers-researchers were recruited into the corps of university professors and lecturers. Around 44% of lecturers recruited became qualified during the 2015 session and 46% of professors. The proportion of foreign nationals recruited as lecturers remained stable at about 15%. Endo-recruitment accounted for 20% of lecturers and 44% of university professors.

Qualification for the position of university professor or lecturer is a pre-requisite when applying for the competitive recruitment exam to become a teacher-researcher. Once qualification is awarded by the National Universities Council (CNU), it is valid for five years. In 2015, 13,218 candidates submitted 21,868 requests for qualification, with one person being allowed to submit several requests for qualification to different discipline-related sections of the CNU and/or to each of the two teacher-researcher bodies. Of these 21,868 requests, 20% could not be processed (application not received, outside stated deadline, incomplete, equivalence rejected, etc.). CNU therefore reviewed 17,411 applications (from 11,263 applicants). Ultimately, CNU issued 10,956 qualifications for 8,243 individuals, representing 63% of applications reviewed. Women accounted for 43% of applicants and qualified individuals (chart 06.01).

Only a fraction of these newly-qualified people entered the competitive recruitment examination for teachers-researchers: in 2015, 58% of qualified professors and 47% of qualified lecturers did not take the exam in the year following their qualification.

In 2015, higher education institutions advertised 2,176 vacant posts, i.e. 8% less than during the previous campaign. This downturn was even more marked for posts offered to lecturers (-10%) than for those offered to professors (-4%). Of these advertised posts, 2,037 were filled (93%). Some of these posts (12%) were filled by transfer, i.e. by teachers-researchers who already belonged to the corps of professors or of lecturers when submitting their application. Few posts are filled by secondment: in 2015, this meant just three professors and four lecturers (0.3% of posts filled) (chart 06.02 et chart 06.03).

The average age of professors recruited was 45 years and seven months and for the lecturers 34 years. In terms of lecturers, the proportion of female applicants and the proportion of women recruited were similar (around 47%). Despite differences between fields of education, overall a female applicant therefore had as much chance of being recruited as a man. In terms of professors, 33% of applicants were women and they accounted for 38% of people recruited; this situation therefore favours them. These observations must however be qualified according to the fields of education.

The majority of lecturers recruited in 2015 - excluding transfer and secondment - were post-doctoral students (32%) when they were recruited. This body has become, since 2007, the leading “pool” for new lecturers (13% in 2002) to the detriment of temporary research and teaching assistants (ATER) who are not classed as civil servants and where the proportion has shown a downwards trend over time (14% in 2015 against 41% in 2002). Nearly 90% of professors are recruited from the ranks of lecturers (chart 06.04). In 2015, one lecturer in five completed their doctoral thesis in their recruiting institution; this proportion is stable and comparable from one field of education to the next. Similarly, 44% of professors held a lecturer post in the same institution when appointed professor. In 2015, 15% of lecturers appointed were foreign nationals. Half of them were from another European Union country. While the numbers of teacher-researchers increased by around 60% between 1992 and 2015, the proportion of foreign nationals increased by 260% over the same period (chart 06.05), thereby confirming the strong appeal of the French system for foreign scientists.

📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH.
 Coverage:Whole of France - public sector.

How to cite this paper :

BEAURENAUT Anne-Sophie. Qualification and recruitment of teachers-researchers. In: Higher education & research in France, facts and figures - 49 indicators [online]. KABLA-LANGLOIS Isabelle (dir.). Paris: Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche, 2017. 10th ed. Chapter 06 [Accessed 03/28/2024]. ISBN 978-2-11-152033-2. https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/10EN/EESR10EN_ES_06-qualification_and_recruitment_of_teachers_researchers-ILL_03.php

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The appointment of new teacher-researchers takes place in two stages: qualification, to establish the quality of their scientific expertise and ability to carry out the functions of teacher-researcher, and recruitment, which entitles the successful applicant to perform these functions in a higher education institution. The results of the qualification and recruitment stages are analysed from data produced by the ANTARES, ANTEE and FIDIS applications.

More information, see studies on teaching staff in higher education on ministerial website

 

Key figures


Number of applications for qualification
21,868
 applications for qualification
2015
Whole of France
 
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Extract from the chapter "06. qualification and recruitment of teachers-researchers".

Source: MENESR-DGRH
Number of candidates for qualification
13,328
 candidates
2015
Whole of France
 
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Extract from the chapter "06. qualification and recruitment of teachers-researchers".

Source: MENESR-DGRH
Number of qualifications approved
10,956
 qualifications
2015
Whole of France
 
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Extract from the chapter "06. qualification and recruitment of teachers-researchers".

Source: MENESR-DGRH
Number of people qualified
8,243
 qualified persons
2015
Whole of France
 
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Extract from the chapter "06. qualification and recruitment of teachers-researchers".

Source: MENESR-DGRH
  See more key figures  
Number of university professors hired via a recruitment competition
647
 university professors
2015
Whole of France
 
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Extract from the chapter "06. qualification and recruitment of teachers-researchers".

Source: MENESR-DGRH
Number of senior lecturers hired via a recruitment competition
1,118
 lecturers
2015
Whole of France
 
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Extract from the chapter "06. qualification and recruitment of teachers-researchers".

Source: MENESR-DGRH
Share of foreign teacher-researchers
10.2%
 
2015
Whole of France
 
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Extract from the chapter "06. qualification and recruitment of teachers-researchers".

Source: MENESR-DGRH

06.01 Qualification and recruitment of teacher-researchers - Review of qualification in 2015

Applications for qualification
Applicants for qualification (one person may submit several applications)
Applications reviewed
Qualifications approved
Individuals qualified
  
Men
Women
All
 
 
📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH
 Coverage: Whole of France.

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06.02 Recruitment of university professors - Campaigns 2005 to 2015 - Filling of vacant positions

2005
 
2007
2009
2011
2013
 
2015
 
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
 
  
Recruitment by admission examination
Other type of recruitment
Not filled
 
 
📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH
 Coverage: Whole of France.

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06.03 Recruitment of lecturers - Campaigns 2005 to 2015 - Filling of vacant positions

2005
 
2007
2009
2011
2013
 
2015
 
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
 
  
Recruitment by admission examination
Other type of recruitment
Not filled
 
 
📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH
 Coverage: Whole of France.

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06.04 Distribution of university professors and lecturers recruited in 2015 by category of previous activity (%) 1

University professors
Lecturers
  
Lecturers
Research activity (director or fellow, post-doc, private research)
Teachers under responsibility of MENESR (secondary, associate teachers)
Other activities (private sector, self-employed professional, no profession)
Temporary assistants, coordinators, readers and other non-permanent teachers who are not civil servants
Non teaching civil servants
 
 

1 Only appointments made further to the synchronised recruitment campaign (excluding appointments made as part of continuous recruitment process).

📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH
 Coverage: Whole of France.

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06.05 Trend in proportion of foreign nationals among tenured teacher-researchers from 1992 to 2015 (%) 1

Proportion of foreign nationals teacher-researchers
 
 

1 excluding medical and dentistry disciplines and specific groups..

📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH
 Coverage: Whole of France.

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Other editions

Etat de l'enseignement supérieur et de la rechercheHigher education & research in France, facts and figures 9th edition - November 2016
06 - qualification and recruitment of teacher-researchers - Marc Bideault
In 2014, 1,919 teacher-researchers were recruited into the corps of professors and lecturers. Around 44% of these became qualified during the 2014 session, in other words immediately prior to this recruiting campaign. The proportion of teacher-researchers who are foreign nationals stayed constant at around 17% for lecturers. Endo-recruitment accounts for 22% of lecturers and 58% of professors [Consult the following page]
Etat de l'enseignement supérieur et de la rechercheHigher education & research in France, facts and figures 8th edition - November 2015
06 - qualification and recruitment of teacher-researchers - Marc Bideault
In 2013, 2,099 teacher-researchers were recruited into the corps of professors and lecturers. About 44% of these became qualified during the 2013 session, in other words immediately prior to this recruiting campaign. The proportion of teacher-researchers who are foreign nationals increases on a regular basis and currently stands at 17% for lecturers. Endo-recruitment accounts for 22% of lecturers and 55% of university professors [Consult the following page]

Translation

 Etat de l'enseignement supérieur et de la rechercheL'état de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche en France n°10 - Avril 2017
06 - qualification et recrutement des enseignants-chercheurs - Anne-Sophie Beaurenaut
En 2015, 10 956 qualifications ont été délivrées à 8 243 qualifiés. 2 037 enseignants-chercheurs ont été recrutés dans les corps de professeurs des universités et de maîtres de conférences. Environ 44 % des maîtres de conférences recrutés sont des qualifiés de l’année et 46% pour les professeurs. La part des étrangers recrutés dans le corps des maîtres de conférences est stable à environ 15 %. L’endorecrutement représente 20 % chez les maîtres de conférences et 44 % chez les professeurs des universités [Consult the following page in french]


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