R&D in France

Higher education
& Research in France,
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Higher education & research in France, facts and figures

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A2 R&D in France

A2.01 Funding of GNERD and implemantation in France between 1992 and 2014

	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996 ²	1997 ²	1998	1999	2000 ²	2001 ²	2002	2003	2004 ³	2005 ⁴	2006 ⁵	2007	2008	2009 [r] ⁷	2010 [8]	2011	2012	2013	2014 ⁹	2015 ¹⁰
GNERD (in €M)	26,229	27,003	26,995	27,563	28,091	28,005	28,724	29,885	31,438	33,570	34,759	34,395	35,327	36,654	38,738	40,106	42,190	43,411	44,841	46,474	48,537	49,377	51,417	51,417
as % of GDP	2.31	2.35	2.28	2.25	2.23	2.15	2.11	2.12	2.12	2.17	2.18	2.10	2.06	2.07	2.09	2.06	2.11	2.24	2.24	2.26	2.33	2.33	2.40
Gross national government expenditure on R&D (in €M) ¹	13,460	13,695	13,527	13,647	13,718	12,980	12,859	13,267	14,272	14,673	15,677	15,891	16,239	16,921	17,545	17,990	19,324	18,850	19,172	19,097	19,633	20,252	19,758
as % of GDP	1.18	1.19	1.14	1.11	1.09	1.00	0.95	0.94	0.96	0.95	0.98	0.97	0.95	0.95	0.95	0.92	0.97	0.97	0.96	0.93	0.94	0.96	0.92
Government as a proportion of GNERD (%)	51.3	50.7	50.1	49.5	48.8	46.3	44.8	44.4	45.4	43.7	45.1	46.2	46.0	46.2	45.3	44.9	45.8	43.4	42.8	41.1	99.1	41.0	38.4
Gross national business enterprise expenditure on R&D (in €M)	12,769	13,307	13,468	13,916	14,373	15,025	15,865	16,618	17,166	18,897	19,082	18,505	19,088	19,733	21,193	22,116	22,866	24,561	25,668	27,377	28,904	29,126	31,659
as % of GDP	1.12	1.16	1.14	1.14	1.14	1.16	1.17	1.18	1.16	1.22	1.20	1.13	1.12	1.11	1.14	1.14	1.15	1.27	1.28	1.33	1.38	1.38	1.48
Business enterprises as a proportion of GNERD (%)	48.7	49.3	49.9	50.5	51.2	53.7	55.2	55.6	54.6	56.3	54.9	53.8	54.0	53.8	54.7	55.1	54.2	56.6	57.2	58.9	59.5	59.0	61.6
GERD (€M)	25,821	26,484	26,764	27,302	27,836	27,756	28,319	29,529	30,954	32,887	34,527	34,569	35,693	36,228	37,904	39,303	41,066	41,758	43,469	45,112	46,519	47,362	47,919	48,643
as % of GDP	2.27	2.31	2.26	2.23	2.21	2.14	2.08	2.10	2.08	2.13	2.17	2.11	2.09	2.04	2.05	2.02	2.06	2.15	2.18	2.19	2.23	2.24	2.24	2.23
Intramural government expenditure on R&D (in €M) ¹	9,687	10,144	10,213	10,653	10,704	10,399	10,687	10,873	11,605	12,105	12,689	12,923	13,169	13,725	13,994	14,550	15,305	15,332	16,014	16,261	16,478	16,772	16,786	16,975
as % of GDP	0.85	0.88	0.86	0.87	0.85	0.80	0.79	0.77	0.78	0.78	0.80	0.79	0.77	0.77	0.76	0.75	0.77	0.79	0.80	0.79	0.79	0.79	0.78	0.78
Government as a proportion of GERD (%)	37.5	38.3	38.2	39.0	38.5	37.5	37.7	36.8	37.5	36.8	36.8	37.4	36.9	37.9	36.9	37.0	37.3	36.7	36.8	36.0	35.4	35.4	35.0	34.9
Intramural business enterprise expenditure on R&D (in €M)	16,134	16,340	16,551	16,649	17,131	17,357	17,632	18,655	19,348	20,782	21,839	21,646	22,523	22,503	23,911	24,753	25,761	26,426	27,455	28,851	30,041	30,590	31,133	31,668
as % of GDP	1.42	1.42	1.40	1.36	1.36	1.34	1.30	1.32	1.30	1.35	1.37	1.32	1.32	1.27	1.29	1.27	1.29	1.36	1.37	1.40	1.44	1.45	1.45	1.45
Business enterprises as a proportion of GERD (%)	62.5	61.7	61.8	61.0	61.5	62.5	62.3	63.2	62.5	63.2	63.3	62.6	63.1	62.1	63.1	63.0	62.7	63.3	63.2	64.0	64.6	64.6	65.0	65.1

GDP June 2014, change in methodology and base year 2010.
¹ Public and private administrations (government, higher education and private non-profit institutions)
² Change in methodology in relation to the previous year.
³ 2004 results revised in June 2008.
⁴ The results for business enterprises were revised in July 2008.
⁵ Since 2006, business enterprises employing less than 1 full-time equivalent (FTE) researcher have been included in the results.
⁶ Data revised in accordance with the methodology used in 2010.
⁷ Change in methodology for government estimates, final figures: the resources devoted to R&D by ministries and certain dedicated State research institutions were assessed using a new method that made it possible to more effectively distinguish their funding activities. This resulted in the estimate for GOVERD being revised downward by around €1 billion (including €850 million for defence) and headcount by 6,000 FTE posts (including 3,500 in defence).
⁹ Données semi-définitives
¹⁰ Estimations.

📄 Source:MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES

 Coverage: Whole of France.

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A2.02 Business enterprise intramural expenditure on R&D (BERD) according to the industrial branches benefiting from research, 2001 to 2014

	2001	2002	2003	2004 ²	2005	2006 ³	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013 ³	2014 ⁴
Branches of manufacturing industries	17,367	18,730	18,586	19,466	19,320	20,480	20,605	21,066	20,946	21,039	22,058	22,596	22,587	23,066
Manufacture of food products, beverages and tobacco products	355	490	457	502	449	552	531	555	574	620	607	620	678	664
Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products	111	111	121	122	116	216	169	177	140	166	140	126	143	141
Manufacture of wood and paper products; printing and reproduction of recorded media	67	79	78	75	58	84	97	90	83	79	98	104	101	89
Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products	131	173	165	166	214	196	218	205	215	223	215	201	225	236
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products	1,273	1,295	1,327	1,364	1,303	1,377	1,447	1,445	1,451	1,496	1,541	1,638	1,769	1,788
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations	2,608	2,820	3,018	3,084	3,101	3,375	3,493	3,490	3,391	3,222	3,141	3,132	3,051	3,027
Manufacture of rubber and plastics products	670	695	732	720	626	660	693	691	662	695	747	827	788	819
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products	247	246	213	245	264	305	284	303	325	300	309	314	341	339
Manufacture of basic metals	322	314	282	303	331	366	359	397	356	399	424	390	430	414
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	495	488	506	532	499	571	530	530	584	638	666	703	701	732
Manufacture of components, electronic boards, computers and peripheral equipment	1,564	1,790	1,582	1,632	1,597	1,611	1,537	1,373	1,421	1,506	1,422	1,502	1,439	1,405
Manufacture of communication equipment	1,321	1,579	1,330	1,344	1,312	1,277	1,247	1,089	987	908	979	980	996	975
Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, testing and navigation; watches and clocks	1,128	1,209	1,172	1,151	965	1,170	1,171	1,257	1,430	1,384	1,362	1,457	1,547	1,627
Manufacture of irradiation, electromedical and electrotherapeutic equipment	28	30	27	29	46	81	83	104	111	90	97	98	111	118
Manufacture of electrical equipment	695	677	696	740	670	772	812	752	869	884	960	996	1,019	1,027
Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.	611	691	692	684	788	890	847	924	916	949	1,022	1,100	1,107	1,081
Manufacture of motor vehicles	3,256	3,386	3,506	3,703	3,886	4,044	3,957	4,361	4,279	4,218	4,705	4,496	3,974	4,390
Naval, rail and military construction	100	59	133	162	207	246	280	291	234	259	317	277	292	309
Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery	2,149	2,343	2,262	2,642	2,660	2,358	2,549	2,724	2,546	2,624	2,869	3,214	3,499	3,503
Other manufacturing industries n.e.c.	237	255	287	268	228	328	301	308	370	379	437	421	377	380
Service branches	2,459	2,143	2,100	2,096	2,223	2,412	3,051	3,606	4,227	5,165	5,444	6,031	6,551	6,617
Transportation and storage	24	22	22	23	17	26	35	31	43	45	61	54	50	51
Publishing, audiovisual and broadcasting activities	373	384	385	374	388	457	436	619	744	902	895	956	1,045	1,086
Telecommunications	1,233	922	825	708	760	782	803	850	801	807	807	927	983	921
Computer-related and information service activities	439	518	579	664	734	730	1,183	1,210	1,455	1,777	1,860	1,937	2,047	2,103
Specialised scientific and technical activities	391	297	290	327	324	414	454	673	935	1,339	1,495	1,780	2,030	2,067
Financial and insurance activities						4	67	138	168	172	195	199	198	194
Other activities n.e.c.							73	85	81	124	131	178	198	194
Primary, energy, construction	956	966	960	962	960	1,018	1,097	1,089	1,253	1,250	1,349	1,415	1,452	1,450
Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning supply	382	369	362	367	342	365	382	396	445	456	506	522	549	529
Agriculture, forestry and fishing	293	311	312	324	323	327	349	368	396	407	418	449	507	508
Mining and quarrying	144	160	163	155	149	167	174	168	230	231	237	249	215	229
Construction	95	98	83	68	77	98	98	80	94	88	108	117	104	115
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation	41	29	40	48	68	62	94	77	89	68	81	77	78	69
All	20,782	21,839	21,646	22,523	22,503	23,911	24,753	25,761	26,426	27,455	28,851	30,041	30,590	31,133

¹ The branches of activity used are from the 2008 revision of the NAF (French classification of activities). The data from the period 2001 to 2006 have been backcast using the revised NAF.
² Several changes in methodology have taken place to improve the quality of information on public and private research. They include breaks in series. The assessment of business expenditure on research and development has been improved by using a weighting system that better reflects the different categories of businesses. In order to compare 2004 and 2005, the new methodology has been used to recalculate the revised 2004 data.
³ Change of methodology: since 2006, business enterprises employing less than 1 full-time equivalent (FTE) researcher have been included in the results.
⁴ Finalised data.
⁵ Semi-finalised data.

📄 Source:MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES

 Coverage: Whole of France.

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A2.03 Numbers of full-time equivalent researchers and research engineers broken down by branches ¹ benefiting from research, from 2001 to 2014

	2001	2002	2003	2004 ¹	2005	2006 ²	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013 ³	2014 ⁴
Branches of manufacturing industries	68,130	75,831	79,690	85,519	84,460	90,737	94,087	94,247	93,381	94,621	97,855	101,964	103,940	103,718
Manufacture of food products, beverages and tobacco products	1,664	1,919	2,100	2,419	1,954	2,427	2,619	2,346	2,552	2,543	2,638	2,865	2,843	2,893
Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products	389	398	476	511	413	665	867	933	726	779	632	614	779	690
Manufacture of wood and paper products; printing and reproduction of recorded media	311	406	405	482	287	420	561	520	495	450	511	452	444	407
Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products	447	478	488	445	727	442	596	571	617	586	588	561	596	647
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products	4,093	4,356	4,369	4,565	4,259	4,587	4,837	4,700	5,095	5,028	5,080	5,341	5,561	5,788
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations	8,426	9,014	9,696	10,191	9,814	9,715	10,459	10,066	9,790	9,589	9,510	9,754	9,899	9,136
Manufacture of rubber and plastics products	1,569	1,939	2,161	2,304	1,799	2,780	2,404	2,560	2,433	2,312	2,305	2,533	2,327	2,289
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products	885	826	771	857	881	1,034	1,005	1,141	1,127	1,192	1,111	1,096	1,214	1,188
Manufacture of basic metals	1,203	1,196	1,074	1,158	1,186	1,322	1,313	1,530	1,364	1,598	1,659	1,688	1,952	1,790
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	2,149	2,158	2,288	2,347	2,872	2,816	2,945	2,940	3,209	3,410	3,400	3,534	3,605	3,639
Manufacture of components, electronic boards, computers and peripheral equipment	8,178	8,423	8,623	9,834	9,398	10,306	9,604	8,623	9,023	9,735	8,730	9,216	8,932	8,598
Manufacture of communication equipment	7,717	9,161	7,798	8,902	9,258	9,124	9,961	8,317	7,705	7,252	8,137	8,140	7,908	7,685
Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, testing and navigation; watches and clocks	6,319	7,198	8,022	8,394	6,659	8,831	8,632	8,917	9,368	9,068	9,521	10,004	10,342	11,014
Manufacture of irradiation, electromedical and electrotherapeutic equipment	185	209	205	232	220	454	440	534	589	571	586	531	631	637
Manufacture of electrical equipment	2,844	3,179	3,367	3,585	3,010	3,524	3,698	3,969	3,662	4,000	4,756	4,880	4,820	4,839
Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.	3,325	3,526	3,518	3,650	3,921	4,517	4,389	4,878	4,993	5,151	5,190	5,408	5,523	5,482
Manufacture of motor vehicles	11,101	12,087	13,792	15,180	16,296	15,163	16,859	17,994	16,876	16,760	18,198	18,217	17,235	17,327
Naval, rail and military construction	416	344	592	697	855	905	1,016	1,141	1,263	1,460	1,471	1,685	1,743	1,859
Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery	5,569	7,743	8,369	8,111	9,283	9,922	10,325	10,924	10,296	10,946	11,766	13,294	15,590	15,801
Other manufacturing industries n.e.c.	1,342	1,274	1,574	1,653	1,368	1,783	1,557	1,644	2,197	2,191	2,067	2,152	1,998	2,010
Service branches	16,180	15,430	16,822	19,338	18,309	18,457	25,720	29,543	35,453	44,612	45,650	49,169	52,340	52,483
Transportation and storage	187	190	173	204	149	160	234	219	267	241	383	343	300	272
Publishing, audiovisual and broadcasting activities	4,228	4,174	4,252	4,002	3,670	4,117	4,593	5,963	6,841	7,986	8,142	8,561	9,344	9,615
Telecommunications	4,522	3,653	3,912	4,087	4,215	4,085	5,051	5,208	4,898	5,206	4,800	5,552	5,180	4,826
Computer-related and information service activities	3,974	4,892	5,878	8,023	7,454	6,933	10,612	11,198	13,605	17,406	17,712	18,067	19,362	19,318
Specialised scientific and technical activities	3,269	2,520	2,607	3,023	2,821	3,130	3,898	5,353	7,936	11,960	12,501	14,395	15,747	16,135
Financial and insurance activities						32	629	921	1,168	816	1,014	1,077	1,075	997
Other activities n.e.c.							703	680	737	997	1,098	1,174	1,331	1,320
Primary, energy, construction	4,169	4,033	4,135	3,894	4,068	4,327	4,769	4,583	4,867	4,594	4,934	5,259	5,180	5,568
Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning supply	1,959	1,681	1,759	1,638	1,654	1,870	1,899	1,831	1,828	1,899	1,933	2,067	2,117	2,184
Agriculture, forestry and fishing	960	1,127	1,173	1,146	1,138	1,159	1,269	1,257	1,323	1,302	1,397	1,496	1,552	1,668
Mining and quarrying	544	551	515	497	395	495	579	553	647	635	759	819	682	746
Construction	529	527	454	407	370	451	590	416	536	474	466	548	489	584
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation	178	146	234	206	511	351	431	525	532	284	379	328	340	385
All	88,479	95,294	100,646	108,752	106,837	113,521	124,577	128,373	133,701	143,828	148,439	156,392	161,460	161,769

📄 Source:MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES

 Coverage: Whole of France.

You can embed this table to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:

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R&D in France

Tables

Translations

inter-ministerial Mission for Research and Higher Education - LOLF (French organic law on Finance laws) R&D programmes



students enrolled in higher education

contents

Preface

Higher education and research in France, facts and figures - Summary

Higher education

Research

Appendices

Key figures

Quick access

A2 R&D in France

A2.01 Funding of GNERD and implemantation in France between 1992 and 2014

A2.02 Business enterprise intramural expenditure on R&D (BERD) according to the industrial branches benefiting from research, 2001 to 2014

A2.03 Numbers of full-time equivalent researchers and research engineers broken down by branches 1 benefiting from research, from 2001 to 2014

A2.03 Numbers of full-time equivalent researchers and research engineers broken down by branches ¹ benefiting from research, from 2001 to 2014