Cover of higher education & research in France, facts and figures

Indicators are calculated from the PATSTAT database maintained by the EPO, enhanced by data from the OECD's REGPAT database. The indicators refer to the publication date of the patent applications in order to be close to the date when the work that gave rise to the application was carried out. The counting of patent applications is based on the address of the inventor (where the research was carried out) and not that of the applicant (where the body filing the application has its headquarters). When the patent is signed by a single inventor (for example, a French person), then one point is awarded to France. However, if the patent is co-authored by two inventors from two different countries, then half a point is awarded to each country. This type of fractional calculation measures a country's contribution to worldwide production. The indicators are calculated year-on-year over three years; 2012 is therefore the average value over 2010, 2011 and 2012.

A country's world share is the ratio between the number of European patent applications from the country and the total number of patent applications.

A country's specialisation index is the ratio between the country's world share in a field and the country's world share in all fields combined.

A country's share of patent applications involving a foreign applicant is the ratio between the number of applications by a country with the applicant located abroad and the total number of applications by the country, using a full count (if the patent has an inventor from the country, a full point is awarded to the country).

The share of international co-invention patent applications is the ratio between the number of applications by the co-inventing country with at least one participant located abroad and the total number of applications by the country, using a full count.

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48 France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office

This page has been updated. Read 49. France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office in Higher education & research in France, facts and figures 9th edition - November 2016

In 2012, France was ranked 4th in the world in the European patent system with 6.4% of applications recorded. Its main specialisations are in the sub-fields of 'Transport' and 'Micro-structures and nano-technology'. In all fields combined, France's world share has been stable since 2007. During this time, however, the share of France's European patents involving international collaboration has increased by 10%.

A patent for an invention is a title that gives its holder an exclusive right to exploit the invention for a certain time and in a limited territory. The rights associated with filing a patent are related to the countries covered by the office where the holder made the application. Because it is so easy to file an application, applicants find the European patent system particularly attractive. In 2012, France's world share of European patent applications was 6.4%. This share was 8.3% in 1994. It declined on a regular basis until 2007, then stabilised. The reason for this decline is partly the dynamism of new countries in technological production, which has resulted in a considerable increase in the total number of patents in the European system.

In the European patent system in 2012, France specialised in the fields of 'Mechanical engineering' (specialisation index 1.22) and 'Other fields' (index 1.14), a category which includes 'Other consumer goods' and 'Civil engineering'. It is under-specialised in 'Electronics-electricity' and 'Instruments' (chart 48.01). Between 2007 and 2012, France's specialisation profile became more homogeneous: specialisation in 'Other fields' was reduced (-11%) and despecialisation in 'Instruments' was reduced slightly.

In 2012, in the 35 technological sub-fields, France filed between 8% and 12% of European patent applications worldwide in 'Transport', 'Micro-structural and nano-technology', 'Organic fine chemistry', 'Other special machines' (excluding textile and paper machines), 'Environmental technology' and "Civil engineering" (table 48.02). Between 2007 and 2012, among its top ten specialist sub-fields in the European patent system, France's contribution increased notably in 'Basic communication processes' and 'Micro-structural and nano-technology' and 'Measurement'.

The share of patent applications involving a foreign applicant is measured by the share of European patent applications by France for which the applicants are located outside France. In 2012, in all fields combined, 23.9 % of patent applications involved a foreign applicant (chart 48.03). This share was much greater in the Chemistry field (32.5%) and was less in Other fields (16.8%); between 2007 and 2012, it increased by 15% in this last field. At the same time, this share fell by 31% in Electrical engineering and by 12% in Instruments.

In 2012, the largest shares of European patent applications from all countries worldwide came from the United States, Germany and Japan (chart 48.04). Next came France and the United Kingdom. Between 2007 and 2012, China almost tripled its world share. The share of applications by Denmark, Spain and Sweden, countries which are more modest technological producers in the European patent system, increased by more than 20%. Japan's share decreased by 14%, and that of the Netherlands, Italy and Finland by 5% to 7%.

In 2012, the share of European patent applications by France which included international co-invention was 19.3% (chart 48.05). This share was similar for the Netherlands and for China and considerably higher for the United Kingdom and Switzerland (25.5% and 38% respectively). For two Asian countries, Japan and South Korea, their share of European patent applications involving international collaboration was small. Between 2007 and 2012, the share of international co-invention patent applications increased for the top ten producing countries (+10% for France), with the exception of China (-27%) and South Korea (-5%).

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How to cite this paper :

LAVILLE Françoise, ROTH Chris, TAILLIBERT Marie-Laure. France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office. In: Higher education & research in France, facts and figures - 49 indicators [online]. KABLA-LANGLOIS Isabelle (dir.). Paris: Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche, 2015. 8th ed. Chapter 48, 106-107 [Accessed 11/08/2024]. ISBN 978-2-11-139433-9. https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/EESR8EN_R_48-france_s_technological_production_as_measured_by_patent_applications_to_the_european_patent_office.php

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Indicators are calculated from the PATSTAT database maintained by the EPO, enhanced by data from the OECD's REGPAT database. The indicators refer to the publication date of the patent applications in order to be close to the date when the work that gave rise to the application was carried out. The counting of patent applications is based on the address of the inventor (where the research was carried out) and not that of the applicant (where the body filing the application has its headquarters). When the patent is signed by a single inventor (for example, a French person), then one point is awarded to France. However, if the patent is co-authored by two inventors from two different countries, then half a point is awarded to each country. This type of fractional calculation measures a country's contribution to worldwide production. The indicators are calculated year-on-year over three years; 2012 is therefore the average value over 2010, 2011 and 2012.

A country's world share is the ratio between the number of European patent applications from the country and the total number of patent applications.

A country's specialisation index is the ratio between the country's world share in a field and the country's world share in all fields combined.

A country's share of patent applications involving a foreign applicant is the ratio between the number of applications by a country with the applicant located abroad and the total number of applications by the country, using a full count (if the patent has an inventor from the country, a full point is awarded to the country).

The share of international co-invention patent applications is the ratio between the number of applications by the co-inventing country with at least one participant located abroad and the total number of applications by the country, using a full count.

 

Key figures


France's world share of European patent applications
6.4%
 
2012
 
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Extract from the chapter "48. France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office".

Coverage: all fields combined
Source: EPO (Patstat) & OECD (Regpat)
France's world share of European patent applications in Transport
12.9%
 
2012
 
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Extract from the chapter "48. France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office".

Coverage: by area of specialisation
Source: EPO (Patstat) & OECD (Regpat)
France's world share of European patent applications in Microstructural and Nanotechnologies
10.1%
 
2012
 
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Extract from the chapter "48. France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office".

Coverage: by area of specialisation
Source: EPO (Patstat) & OECD (Regpat)
France's world share of European patent applications in Organic fine chemistry
9.4%
 
2012
 
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Extract from the chapter "48. France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office".

Coverage: by area of specialisation
Source: EPO (Patstat) & OECD (Regpat)
  See more key figures  
France's world share of European patent applications in Other specialist machines
8.3%
 
2012
 
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Extract from the chapter "48. France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office".

Coverage: by area of specialisation
Source: EPO (Patstat) & OECD (Regpat)
France's world share of European patent applications in Environmental technology
8.2%
 
2012
 
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Extract from the chapter "48. France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office".

Coverage: by area of specialisation
Source: EPO (Patstat) & OECD (Regpat)
France's world share of European patent applications in Civil engineering
8.2%
 
2012
 
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Extract from the chapter "48. France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office".

Coverage: by area of specialisation
Source: EPO (Patstat) & OECD (Regpat)
France's world share of European patent applications in Basic communication processes
8%
 
2012
 
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Extract from the chapter "48. France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office".

Coverage: by area of specialisation
Source: EPO (Patstat) & OECD (Regpat)
  See more key figures  
France's world share of European patent applications in Materials, metallurgy
7.7%
 
2012
 
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Extract from the chapter "48. France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office".

Coverage: by area of specialisation
Source: EPO (Patstat) & OECD (Regpat)
France's world share of European patent applications in Mechanical components
7.6%
 
2012
 
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Extract from the chapter "48. France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office".

Coverage: by area of specialisation
Source: EPO (Patstat) & OECD (Regpat)
France's world share of European patent applications in Measurement
7.5%
 
2012
 
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Extract from the chapter "48. France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office".

Coverage: by area of specialisation
Source: EPO (Patstat) & OECD (Regpat)

48.01 European patent applications: specialisation index, by technical field, for France (2002, 2007 and 2012)


2002
2007
2012
 
 

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48.02 European patent applications: specialisation index and world share for France's top ten sub-fields of specialisation (2007, 2012 and change from 2007 to 2012)

 
Specialisation index World share 2012
(%)
2007 2012 Change
2012/2007
(%)
Transport 1.86 2.00 +8 12.9
Micro-structural and nano-technology 1.32 1.57 +19 10.1
Organic fine chemistry 1.78 1.47 -17 9.4
Other special machines 1.21 1.30 +7 8.3
Environmental technology 1.24 1.27 +3 8.2
Civil engineering 1.39 1.27 -9 8.2
Basic communication processes 0.98 1.24 +27 8.0
Materials, metallurgy 1.14 1.20 +6 7.7
Mechanical elements 1.31 1.19 -10 7.6
Measurement 1.01 1.17 +16 7.5
All fields 1.00 1.00 - 6.4

 

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48.03 European patent applications: share of patent applications involving an applicant abroad, by technical field, for France (2007 and 2012) (%)

Electronics-electricity
Instruments
Chemistry
Mechanical engineering
Other fields
All fields
  
2007
2012
 
 

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48.04 European patent applications: world share for the top producing countries, all techincal fields combined (2012, change from 2007 to 2012) (%) 1

  
North America
Europe
Asia
France
 
 

1 Only countries whose world share of European patent applications is greater than or equal to 1% are shown

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48.05 European patent applications: share of patent applications produced with international co-invention, all technical fields combined, for the top ten producing countries (2002, 2007 and 2012) (%)

US
 
JP
GB
IT
CH
 
 
DE
FR
KR
NL
 
CN
  
2002
2007
2012
 
 

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Other editions

Etat de l'enseignement supérieur et de la rechercheHigher education & research in France, facts and figures 9th edition - November 2016
49 - France's technological production as measured by patent applications to the European Patent Office - Tessa Enock Levi, Françoise Laville, Chris Roth & Marie-Laure Taillibert
In 2013, France was ranked 4th in the world in the European patent system with 6.3% of applications recorded. Its main specialisations are in the sub-fields of 'Transport' and 'Micro-structures and nano-technology'. In all fields combined, France's world share has been stable since 2008. During this time, however, the share of France's European patents involving international collaboration has increased by 10% [Consult the following page]

Translation

 Etat de l'enseignement supérieur et de la rechercheL'état de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche en France n°8 - juin 2015
48 - la production technologique de la France mesurée par les demandes de brevet auprès de l'Office européen des brevets - Françoise Laville, Chris Roth & Marie-Laure Taillibert
En 2012, la France est au 4e rang mondial dans le système européen de brevets avec 6,4 % des demandes enregistrées. Elle est notamment spécialisée dans les sous-domaines « transports » et « nanotechnologies et microstructures ». Tous domaines confondus, la part mondiale de la France est stable depuis 2007. Mais pendant cette période, la part des brevets européens de la France impliquant une collaboration internationale progresse de 10 % [Consult the following page in french]


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