Cover of higher education & research in France, facts and figures

📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH.

 Coverage:Whole of France.

The appointment of new teacher-researchers takes place in two stages: qualification, to establish the quality of their scientific expertise and ability to carry out the functions of teacher-researcher, and recruitment, which entitles the successful applicant to perform these functions in a higher education institution. The results of the qualification and recruitment stages are analysed from data produced by the ANTARES, ANTEE and FIDIS applications. This national application brings together data on the procedures linked with these operations and the people involved and, thus provides all the necessary information for an in-depth study of each annual recruitment campaign. Data analysed here relate to 2013. The successful candidates' backgrounds and experience are analysed from what is called the 'synchronised' recruitment database, where 90% of applications are processed simultaneously according to rankings and expressed preferences, with candidates being appointed on 1st September of the recruitment year. Other appointments may be made continuously at any time throughout this same recruitment year.

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06 qualification and recruitment of teacher-researchers

This page has been updated. Read 06. qualification and recruitment of teachers-researchers in Higher education & research in France, facts and figures 10th edition - June 2017

In 2013, 2,099 teacher-researchers were recruited into the corps of professors and lecturers. About 44% of these became qualified during the 2013 session, in other words immediately prior to this recruiting campaign. The proportion of teacher-researchers who are foreign nationals increases on a regular basis and currently stands at 17% for lecturers. Endo-recruitment accounts for 22% of lecturers and 55% of university professors.

Qualification for the functions of university professor or lecturer is a pre-condition when applying for the competitive recruitment exam to become a teacher-researcher. Once qualification is awarded by the National Council of Universities (Conseil national des universités - CNU), it is valid for 4 years. In 2013, the qualification session organised by the Ministry received 21,937 applications, with one person being allowed to submit several requests for qualification under different disciplines (which are in fact submitted to different discipline-related sections of the CNU) or to each of the two teacher-researcher bodies. In 2013, members of the CNU examined 17,768 separate applications in all and approved 11,193 qualifications for 8,397 different individuals, i.e. 64.1% of the 13,137 candidates (chart 06.01).

Only a fraction of these newly qualified candidates put themselves forward for the competitive examination to recruit teacher-researchers: in 2013, almost 60% of qualified professors and more than 40% of qualified lecturers did not take the exam in the year following their qualification. They can take it during later recruitment campaigns according to the vacancies available or they can use this qualification in other ways for the purposes of their professional career.

2,614 vacant positions were available on 1st September 2013, almost 400 fewer than for the previous recruiting campaign, and were published in the Official Journal in order to recruit lecturers and professors for higher education institutions. Between 2010 and 2013, the number of vacant posts for professors and lecturers decreased by 24.5% and 20.7% respectively, which represents a 22.1% reduction overall in the number of jobs available (chart 06.02 and chart 06.03).

These positions can be filled, in the first instance, by secondment or transfer. Secondment is a method that is not used often: 2 lecturers and 10 university professors, or 0.5% of positions available. Transfers were already used infrequently but in 2013 their use fell 2.7% compared with 2012, and they represented 13.4% of positions available.

On the basis of 2,114 jobs still waiting to be filled after transfers, secondments, higher education agrégations, and specific recruitment processes, 1,968 of these positions were filled through the competitive exam, or 93.1%. Of the 592 university professors recruited, 87.4% came from the body of lecturers (chart 06.03). The average age of the university professors recruited was 44 years and 11 months, and for the lecturers, 33 years and 7 months.

Women represented 41.4% of appointments (31% of professor and 45.5% of lecturers).

Concerning the background of the new lecturers, 15.8% came from posts as Temporary research and teaching assistant (Attaché temporaire d'enseignement et de recherche - ATER), coordinators or readers and 33.8% worked in research outside higher education (chart 06.04).

The legislation concerning the appointment of tenured teacher-researchers allows for the recruitment of foreign nationals. In 2013, 7.6% of lecturers appointed were from another European Union country, 9% were from the rest of the world. The international attractivness of France and the general trend towards a growing globalisation of teacher-researcher recruitment can be clearly seen from this increase in the share of foreign teacher-researchers. While teacher-researcher numbers increased by about 60% between 1992 and 2013, the proportion of foreign teachers increased by 225% over the same period (chart 06.05).

Internal recruitment remained stable compared with 2009, but was more pronounced for professors than for lecturers. In 2013, 77.9% of lecturers and 45.1% of professors arrived from a different institution than the one to which they were appointed.

📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH.
 Coverage:Whole of France.

How to cite this paper :

BIDEAULT Marc. Qualification and recruitment of teacher-researchers. In: Higher education & research in France, facts and figures - 49 indicators [online]. KABLA-LANGLOIS Isabelle (dir.). Paris: Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche, 2015. 8th ed. Chapter 06, 22-23 [Accessed 10/08/2024]. ISBN 978-2-11-139433-9. https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/EESR8EN_ES_06-qualification_and_recruitment_of_teacher_researchers-ILL_02.php

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The appointment of new teacher-researchers takes place in two stages: qualification, to establish the quality of their scientific expertise and ability to carry out the functions of teacher-researcher, and recruitment, which entitles the successful applicant to perform these functions in a higher education institution. The results of the qualification and recruitment stages are analysed from data produced by the ANTARES, ANTEE and FIDIS applications. This national application brings together data on the procedures linked with these operations and the people involved and, thus provides all the necessary information for an in-depth study of each annual recruitment campaign. Data analysed here relate to 2013. The successful candidates' backgrounds and experience are analysed from what is called the 'synchronised' recruitment database, where 90% of applications are processed simultaneously according to rankings and expressed preferences, with candidates being appointed on 1st September of the recruitment year. Other appointments may be made continuously at any time throughout this same recruitment year.

 

Key figures


Number of applications for qualification
21,937
 applications for qualification
2013
Whole of France
 
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Extract from the chapter "06. qualification and recruitment of teacher-researchers".

Source: MENESR-DGRH
Number of candidates for qualification
13,137
 candidates
2013
Whole of France
 
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Extract from the chapter "06. qualification and recruitment of teacher-researchers".

Source: MENESR-DGRH
Number of qualifications approved
11,193
 qualifications délivrées
2013
Whole of France
 
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Extract from the chapter "06. qualification and recruitment of teacher-researchers".

Source: MENESR-DGRH
Number of people qualified
8,397
 qualified persons
2013
Whole of France
 
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Extract from the chapter "06. qualification and recruitment of teacher-researchers".

Source: MENESR-DGRH
  See more key figures  
Number of university professors hired via a recruitment competition
675
 university professors
2013
Whole of France
 
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Extract from the chapter "06. qualification and recruitment of teacher-researchers".

Source: MENESR-DGRH
Number of senior lecturers hired via a recruitment competition
1,424
 lecturers
2013
Whole of France
 
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Extract from the chapter "06. qualification and recruitment of teacher-researchers".

Source: MENESR-DGRH
Share of foreign teacher-researchers
9.9%
 
2013
 
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06.01 Qualification and recruitment of teacher-researchers - Review of qualification in 2013

Applications for qualification
Applicants for qualification (one person may submit several applications)
Applications reviewed
Qualifications approved
Individuals qualified
 
 
📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH
 Coverage: Whole of France.

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06.02 Recruitment of university professors - Campaigns 2005 to 2013 - Filling of vacant positions

2005
 
2007
2009
2011
 
2013
 
2006
2008
2010
2012
 
  
Recruitment by admission examination
Other type of recruitment
not filled
 
 
📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH
 Coverage: Whole of France.

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06.03 Recruitment of lecturers - Campaigns 2005 to 2013 - Filling of vacant positions

2005
 
2007
2009
2011
 
2013
 
2006
2008
2010
2012
 
  
Recruitment by admission examination
Other type of recruitment
not filled
 
 
📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH
 Coverage: Whole of France.

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06.04 Distribution of university professors and lecturers recruited in 2013 by category of previous activity (%) 1

University professors
Lecturers
  
Lecturers
Research activity (director or fellow, post-doc, private research)
Other activities (private sector, self-employed professional, no profession)
Teachers under responsibility of MENESR (secondary, associate teachers)
Civil servant or non-teaching public agent
Temporary assistants, coordinators, readers and other non-permanent teachers who are not civil servants
 
 

1 Only appointments made further to the synchronised recruitment campaign (excluding appointments made as part of continuous recruitment process).

📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH
 Coverage: Whole of France.

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06.05 Trend in proportion of foreign nationals among tenured teacher-researchers from 1992 to 2013 (%) 1

Proportion of foreign nationals among teacher-researchers
 
 

1 Excluding medical disciplines and dentistry and specific corps.

📄 Source:MENESR-DGRH
 Coverage: Whole of France.

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Other editions

Etat de l'enseignement supérieur et de la rechercheHigher education & research in France, facts and figures 10th edition - June 2017
06 - qualification and recruitment of teachers-researchers - Anne-Sophie Beaurenaut
In 2015, 10,56 qualifications were issued for 8,243 individuals. 2,037 teachers-researchers were recruited into the corps of university professors and lecturers. Around 44% of lecturers recruited became qualified during the 2015 session and 46% of professors. The proportion of foreign nationals recruited as lecturers remained stable at about 15%. Endo-recruitment accounted for 20% of lecturers and 44% of university professors [Consult the following page]
Etat de l'enseignement supérieur et de la rechercheHigher education & research in France, facts and figures 9th edition - November 2016
06 - qualification and recruitment of teacher-researchers - Marc Bideault
In 2014, 1,919 teacher-researchers were recruited into the corps of professors and lecturers. Around 44% of these became qualified during the 2014 session, in other words immediately prior to this recruiting campaign. The proportion of teacher-researchers who are foreign nationals stayed constant at around 17% for lecturers. Endo-recruitment accounts for 22% of lecturers and 58% of professors [Consult the following page]

Translation

 Etat de l'enseignement supérieur et de la rechercheL'état de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche en France n°8 - juin 2015
06 - qualification et recrutement des enseignants-chercheurs - Marc Bideault
En 2013, 2 099 enseignants-chercheurs ont été recrutés dans les corps de professeurs des universités et de maîtres de conférences. Environ 44 % d’entre eux ont obtenu leur qualification lors de la campagne 2013, soit immédiatement avant ces opérations de recrutement. La part des enseignants chercheurs étrangers recrutés s’accroit régulièrement et atteint 17 % pour les maîtres de conférences. L’endo-recrutement représente 22 % chez les maîtres de conférences (MCF) et 55 % chez les professeurs des universités (PR) [Consult the following page in french]


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