Cover of higher education & research in France, facts and figures

📄 Sources:OECD
MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES.

 Coverage:Whole of France.

The data for France are obtained from annual surveys by the French Ministry of Education, Higher Education and Research (Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - MENESR) on R&D expenditure. The survey covers 11,000 businesses (private and public) and government bodies (universities and other higher education institutions), public research bodies (State-owned scientific and technological establishments (Établissement public à caractère scientifique et technologique - EPST), State-owned industrial and commercial establishments (Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial - EPIC)) and other public institutions, ministerial departments (including defence), university hospitals and comprehensive cancer centres, not-for-profit institutions NPI (associations and foundations).

Research personnel includes researchers and ancillary research staff (according to the definitions in the Frascati Manual). R&D researchers and engineers, grouped together under the heading researchers, are specialists engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems. Also included are doctoral students with funding (including those with an Industrial Agreement for Training through Research (Convention industrielle de formation par la recherche - CIFRE)) and staff responsible for managing research teams.

Research ancillary staff include technicians who participate in R&D, carrying out scientific and technical tasks under the supervision of researchers, workers assigned to R&D work and staff working on administrative tasks linked with R&D work. In surveys on R&D spending, the notion of a physical person refers to all persons present on 31 December of the year surveyed.

Quick access

Share


 
 
 
 

For a better experience of this site, take the time to update your browser.
 

36 gender equality in research

This page has been updated. Read 36. gender equality in research in Higher education & research in France, facts and figures 10th edition - June 2017

One researcher in three in the government sector and one in five in business enterprises is a woman. As in other countries, women are less well represented in all sectors among researchers than in the professions providing research support. The male to female ratio in research personnel depends on the research field.

In 2012, more than half a million people in France were participating directly or indirectly in R&D activities and of these research personnel, 29% were women (table 36.01). They were better represented in government (40%) (public bodies, higher education institutions and NPI) than in business enterprises (22%). In addition, the female to male ratio remained higher in the least qualified jobs in R&D, the ancillary staff (35%), than among researchers (26%).

As in higher education programmes, women are better represented in medicine and agronomy than in aerospace and digital technology (chart 36.02). In 2012, there were equal numbers of men and women in research teams at the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale - INSERM), the Institut Pasteur and the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Institut national de la recherche agronomique - INRA). In contrast, they represented only 16% of researchers at the French National Aerospace Research Centre (Office national d’études et de recherches aérospatiales - ONERA) and 20% at the French National Institute for Computer Science and Applied Mathematics (Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique - INRIA). Numbers are comparable in business enterprises. In 'Pharmacy' and 'Chemistry', women represent 57% and 47% of researchers respectively (chart 36.03). However, women are poorly represented in 'Aeronautics and space construction' (16%), 'Automobiles' (13%) and 'Manufacture of machines and equipment' (8%). In these last three branches, however, the proportion of women is higher among researchers than among ancillary staff.

In five years, the representation of women among researchers in business enterprises fell by 0.8%. The increasing proportion of research in the service branches is the reason for this situation. Having increased by half in five years, due mainly to 'specialised scientific and technical activities' and 'information technology and computer service activities', in 2012 research in service branches accounted for 38% of all researchers in business enterprises. Here the proportion of women is lower (at 18%) than in the industrial branches overall (21%), as feminisation is particularly strong in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

These trends in France are similar to those observed in other OECD countries. Everywhere, we see an under-representation of women in research teams, especially in business enterprises (chart 36.04). Portugal, Estonia and Slovakia, however, have near equality between men and women. In these countries, women represent more than 40% of all researchers. In contrast, in South Korea and Japan, fewer than 20% of researchers are women. The situation in France is similar to that in Germany (27%).

Between 2011 and 2012, the change in women's representation in France among all R&D personnel weakened slightly (29.2% compared with 29.6%). Nevertheless, care must be taken when interpreting these figures as there is a two-fold effect on staff structure, with the increasing weight of business enterprises in relation to government combined with that of researchers in relation to ancillary staff. If we consider only researchers, the figures speak for themselves: the proportion of women has increased, both in business enterprises (+0.4 points) and in government (+0.1 points), yet the number of researchers overall was down (-0.1 points) due to the increasing proportion of business enterprises and the poorer showing by business enterprise researchers.

 Coverage:Whole of France.

How to cite this paper :

PERRAIN Laurent. Gender equality in research. In: Higher education & research in France, facts and figures - 49 indicators [online]. KABLA-LANGLOIS Isabelle (dir.). Paris: Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche, 2015. 8th ed. Chapter 36, 82-83 [Accessed 10/08/2024]. ISBN 978-2-11-139433-9. https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/EESR8EN_R_36-gender_equality_in_research.php

close

Cite :   Share:          

The data for France are obtained from annual surveys by the French Ministry of Education, Higher Education and Research (Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - MENESR) on R&D expenditure. The survey covers 11,000 businesses (private and public) and government bodies (universities and other higher education institutions), public research bodies (State-owned scientific and technological establishments (Établissement public à caractère scientifique et technologique - EPST), State-owned industrial and commercial establishments (Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial - EPIC)) and other public institutions, ministerial departments (including defence), university hospitals and comprehensive cancer centres, not-for-profit institutions NPI (associations and foundations).

Research personnel includes researchers and ancillary research staff (according to the definitions in the Frascati Manual). R&D researchers and engineers, grouped together under the heading researchers, are specialists engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems. Also included are doctoral students with funding (including those with an Industrial Agreement for Training through Research (Convention industrielle de formation par la recherche - CIFRE)) and staff responsible for managing research teams.

Research ancillary staff include technicians who participate in R&D, carrying out scientific and technical tasks under the supervision of researchers, workers assigned to R&D work and staff working on administrative tasks linked with R&D work. In surveys on R&D spending, the notion of a physical person refers to all persons present on 31 December of the year surveyed.

 

Key figures


Share of women among researchers in business enterprises
20%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-878-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_business_enterprises.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers in government
34.8%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-879-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_government.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers in the Automobile industry
12.7%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-880-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_the_automobile_industry.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers in Aeronautics and space construction
16.5%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-881-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_aeronautics_and_space_construction.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
  See more key figures  
Share of women among researchers in business enterprises in the Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, testing and navigation, watches and clocks
11.7%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-882-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_business_enterprises_in_the_manufacture_of_instruments_and_appliances_for_measuring_testing_and_navigation_watches_and_clocks.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers in business enterprises in the Pharmaceuticals industry
57.9%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-883-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_business_enterprises_in_the_pharmaceuticals_industry.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers in business enterprises in Electronic components and boards, computers, peripheral equipment
13.9%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-884-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_business_enterprises_in_electronic_components_and_boards_computers_peripheral_equipment.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers in business enterprises in the Manufacture of communication equipment
13%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-885-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_business_enterprises_in_the_manufacture_of_communication_equipment.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
  See more key figures  
Share of women among researchers in business enterprises in Information technology and computer service activities
13.2%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-886-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_business_enterprises_in_information_technology_and_computer_service_activities.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers in business enterprises in Specialist scientific and technical activities
23%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-887-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_business_enterprises_in_specialist_scientific_and_technical_activities.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers in business enterprises in Publishing, audiovisual and broadcasting
13.1%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-888-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_business_enterprises_in_publishing_audiovisual_and_broadcasting.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers in business enterprises in Telecommunications
17.5%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-889-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_business_enterprises_in_telecommunications.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
  See more key figures  
Share of women among researchers in business enterprises in the Chemicals industry
47.7%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-890-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_business_enterprises_in_the_chemicals_industry.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers at the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)
53.3%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-891-share_of_women_among_researchers_at_the_french_national_institute_of_health_and_medical_research_inserm.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers at the Institut Pasteur - Paris
50.2%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-892-share_of_women_among_researchers_at_the_institut_pasteur_paris.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers at the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA)
46.2%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-893-share_of_women_among_researchers_at_the_french_national_institute_for_agricultural_research_inra.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
  See more key figures  
Share of women among researchers at the French research institute for the exploitation of the sea (IFREMER)
35.5%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-894-share_of_women_among_researchers_at_the_french_research_institute_for_the_exploitation_of_the_sea_ifremer.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers at the Institute of Research for Development (IRD)
32.6%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-895-share_of_women_among_researchers_at_the_institute_of_research_for_development_ird.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers at the French Agricultural Research and International Cooperation Organisation (CIRAD)
36.6%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-896-share_of_women_among_researchers_at_the_french_agricultural_research_and_international_cooperation_organisation_cirad.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers at the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS)
33.3%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-897-share_of_women_among_researchers_at_the_national_centre_for_scientific_research_cnrs.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
  See more key figures  
Share of women among researchers at the French Institute of science and technology for transport, spatial planning, development and networks (IFSTTAR)
34.5%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-898-share_of_women_among_researchers_at_the_french_institute_of_science_and_technology_for_transport_spatial_planning_development_and_networks_ifsttar.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers at the French Government Space Agency (CNES)
30.3%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-899-share_of_women_among_researchers_at_the_french_government_space_agency_cnes.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers at the French National Institute for Computer Science and Applied Mathematics (INRIA)
20.5%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-900-share_of_women_among_researchers_at_the_french_national_institute_for_computer_science_and_applied_mathematics_inria.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
Share of women among researchers at the civilian arm of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
30.7%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-901-share_of_women_among_researchers_at_the_civilian_arm_of_the_french_alternative_energies_and_atomic_energy_commission_cea.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Coverage: civilian activity
Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES
  See one more key figure  
Share of women among researchers at the French National Aerospace Research Centre (ONERA)
15.7%
 
2012
Whole of France
 
See:   Embed:    Share:    
You can embeded this tile to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:
<iframe src='https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/CC-902-share_of_women_among_researchers_at_the_french_national_aerospace_research_centre_onera.php' width='100%' height='155 px' frameborder='0' id='GC' scrolling='no' style='min-width:240px; max-width:490px'></iframe>
Extract from the chapter "36. gender equality in research".

Source: MENESR-DGESIP/DGRI-SIES

36.01 Total R&D personnel and share of women in 2012 (headcount in thousands, %) 1

 
Researchers Ancillary staff Total R&D personnel
Number
(in thousands)
Proportion
of women
(as a %)
Number
(in thousands)
Proportion
of women
(as a %)
Number
(in thousands)
Proportion
of women
(as a %)
Business enterprises 213 20.0 121 25.8 334 22.1
Government 143 34.8 87 49.7 230 40.1
All 356 25.8 208 35.1 565 29.2
 

1 Semi-definitive data.

 Coverage: Whole of France.

You can embed this table to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:

<iframe src="https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/illustration-EESR8EN_R_36-0-total_r_d_personnel_and_share_of_women_in_2012_headcount_in_thousands_1.php" width="500px" height="700px" frameborder="0" id="EESR8EN_R_36-0" scrolling="auto"></iframe>

close

Download:     Embed: <\>   Share:            

36.02 Share of women in research personnel in government in 2012 (%) [1]

INSERM
Institut Pasteur - Paris
INRA
IFREMER
IRD
CIRAD
CNRS
All government
IFSTTAR
University and other higher education institutions
CNES
INRIA
CEA (Civil division)
ONERA
  
Researchers
R&D ancillary staff
All
 
 
 Coverage: Whole of France.

You can embed this chart to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:

<iframe src="https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/illustration-EESR8EN_R_36-1-share_of_women_in_research_personnel_in_government_in_2012_1.php" width="500px" height="700px" frameborder="0" id="EESR8EN_R_36-1" scrolling="auto"></iframe>

close

Download:     Embed: <\>   Share:            

36.03 Share of women in research personnel in business enterprises in 2012 (%) 1

Pharmaceutical industry
Chemical industry
Specialised scientific and technical activities
All business enterprises
Telecommunications
Aeronautics and space construction
Electronic components and boards, computers, peripheral equipment
Publishing, audiovisual and broadcasting
Computer and information services
Manufacture of electrical equipment
Manufacture of communication equipment
Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, testing and navigation, watches and clocks
Automobile industry
Manufacture of machines and equipment not included elsewhere
  
Researchers
Ancillary staff
All
 
 

1 Semi-definitive data.

 Coverage: Whole of France.

You can embed this chart to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:

<iframe src="https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/illustration-EESR8EN_R_36-2-share_of_women_in_research_personnel_in_business_enterprises_in_2012_1.php" width="500px" height="700px" frameborder="0" id="EESR8EN_R_36-2" scrolling="auto"></iframe>

close

Download:     Embed: <\>   Share:            

36.04 Share of women among researchers in the main OECD countries in 2012 (%)

PT 1
 
SK
PL
SE 1
TR
IT 1
DK 1
FI
CL
CZ
FR
KR
 
 
EE
ES  1
GB 1
NO
SI
BE 1
IE 1
HU
AT 1
DE 1
NL 1
 
JP
  
Researchers in business enterprises
Researchers in government
All
 
 

1 2011 data.

You can embed this chart to your website or your blog by copying the HTML code and pasting it into the source code of your website / blog:

<iframe src="https://publication.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/eesr/8EN/illustration-EESR8EN_R_36-3-share_of_women_among_researchers_in_the_main_oecd_countries_in_2012.php" width="500px" height="700px" frameborder="0" id="EESR8EN_R_36-3" scrolling="auto"></iframe>

close

Download:     Embed: <\>   Share:            

Related statistical publications

 Etat de l'emploi scientifique en France - L'état de l'emploi scientifique en France - Marie-Hélène Prieur - December 2014
Cette édition 2014 de L’état de l’emploi scientifique a vocation à mieux connaître les enseignants, chercheurs, doctorants, personnels de soutien. En effet, si les données qui caractérisent ces personnels sont nombreuses, elles sont souvent dispersées et fragmentaires, avec des dates d’observation, des définition ou des périmètres différents : selon les sources, les données n’ont pas le même millésime et certains personnels ne sont pas toujours classés dans la même catégorie.

Cet ouvrage a donc pour objectif de rassembler dans un même document des études et statistiques permettant d’éclairer les différents domaines d’activités des personnels qui relèvent de l’emploi scientifique, conformément à l’article L411-2 du Code de la recherche.
 Note d'information SIES 13.03 - Male and female researchers: gender stereotypes at student level - Nicolas Le Ru, Laurent Perrain - April 2013
In 2010, there were 315,000 researchers or research engineers in France: 82,000 were women, 233,500 were men. The number of female researchers has been increasing since 2007, but less sharply than the number of men. There are more female researchers in government than in business enterprises. This is not the case among men.
 Note recherche 04.03 - Femmes, une place croissante dans la recherche en entreprise - Monique Bonneau - April 2004
La participation des femmes à la recherche tient à l'augmentation de leur part dans les écoles d'ingénieurs et troisièmes cycles universitaires. Parmi les chercheurs en entreprises, une femme pour quatre hommes et une pour trois parmi le personnel de soutien. Depuis vingt ans, leur part a doublé. Cependant, selon les branches de recherche, les situations sont contrastées, la pharmacie, par exemple, concentrant la population féminine ; de même, la part des femmes diffère selon la taille de l'entreprise, les grandes entreprises ayant le plus grand nombre de femmes. Les femmes chercheurs sont souvent plus jeunes que leurs homologues masculins et ont plus souvent un parcours universitaire, les formations d'ingénieur étant moins fréquentes. La croissance de l'emploi féminin, depuis 1992, explique plus d'un tiers de celle de l'emploi des chercheurs en entreprise.
Note d'information DEPP 00.31 - Women in Sciences in France - Monique Bonneau - September 2000
In 1997, 23,0% of researchers were women versus 21,6% five years earlier.

Growth in the number of researchers has marginally benefited women in public and industrial R&D.

However their numbers are higher in public research. The proportion of women involved in the research field varies to a considerable extent according to discipline. The similar position of women in public civil research where medical and life sciences predominate  and in pharmaceutical industry is a good example. The proportion of women also differs according to their position : growth in numbers is inverse to the position they hold in the hierarchical order of their institution. Women?s participation grows fast in upper secondary and higher education or in engineering schools than on the labour market.
 Note d'information DEPP 00.31 - La place des femmes dans la recherche. - Monique Bonneau - September 2000
En 1997, 23,0 % des chercheurs sont des femmes, contre 21,6 % cinq ans auparavant.

La croissance des effectifs de chercheurs bénéficie marginalement aux femmes dans la recherche publique et en entreprise. Cependant, c'est dans la recherche publique qu'elles sont les plus nombreuses.

L'importance de l'emploi féminin dans la recherche varie fortement selon les disciplines.

La similitude de la place des femmes parmi les chercheurs du public où les sciences médicales et de la vie sont dominantes , et dans l'industrie pharmaceutique en est un exemple.

La place de l'emploi féminin diffère aussi beaucoup selon les postes occupés, avec une progression inverse de l'ordre hiérarchique.

La progression du taux de femmes dans les études secondaires et universitaires ou dans les écoles d?ingénieurs est plus rapide que sur le marché du travail.


Other editions

Etat de l'enseignement supérieur et de la rechercheHigher education & research in France, facts and figures 10th edition - June 2017
36 - gender equality in research - Alexis Boinet & Laurent Perrain
In 2014, women represented 30% of all research personnel, and a little over a quarter of researchers. Furthermore, 36% of government research personnel are women compared to 20% in business enterprises, a contrast that is not unique to France. The proportions differ according to the field of research, with the most women being present in medicine, chemistry and agronomy [Consult the following page]
Etat de l'enseignement supérieur et de la rechercheHigher education & research in France, facts and figures 9th edition - November 2016
37 - gender equality in research - Laurent Perrain
In 2013, women represented 30% of all research personnel, and a little over a quarter of researchers. Furthermore, 40% of government research personnel are women compared to 22% in business enterprises, a contrast that is not unique to France. The proportions differ according to the field of research, with the most women being present in medicine, chemistry and agronomy [Consult the following page]

Translation

 Etat de l'enseignement supérieur et de la rechercheL'état de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche en France n°8 - juin 2015
36 - la parité dans la recherche - Laurent Perrain
Un chercheur sur trois dans les administrations et un sur cinq dans les entreprises est une femme. Comme dans d’autres pays, elles sont partout moins représentées parmi les chercheurs que dans les professions de soutien à la recherche. Le rapport femmes-hommes dans les effectifs de recherche est lié au domaine de recherche [Consult the following page in french]


Quick access

Share